REE is refined by separating it from the ore it is found in. This can involve the process of milling, whereby the ore is ground down to fine particles, then separated from any impunities. Refinement is then undertaken by various chemical techniques, a liquid process which purifies the REE. This can take place over several stages.

REO is the final product of this refining process. REO can then be smelted into REM when it is required for magnets.

Not all REE can be processed the same way as they can occur in different types of deposits, such as hard rock or in ionic clays. This necessitates different techniques, often using different chemicals.

Depending on the source of the REE, radioactive waste can be generated in the separation process. MMC is committed to ensuring the highest standards of environmental responsibly and processing safety throughout the entire production chain.

Rare earth oxide

Rare earth metal